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(Feature Photo: painting of King Charles I of England by an unknown artist in the 1630s; Credit: Wikimedia Commons)
1620
RULERS & ROYALTY: James I is king of England – Phillip III "The Pious" (Habsburg line) – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Paul V is the 233rd pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France (but in the 19th century, with the emergence of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the title "Prince of Orange" or "Princess of Orange" will begin to refer to the heir apparent of the Dutch monarch)
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 56
November 11, Mayflower arrives at Cape Cod
1621
RULERS & ROYALTY: James I is king of England – Phillip III "The pious" (Habsburg line) dies and Phillip IV "The Great" succeeds him – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Paul V, pope/bishop of Rome, dies and Gregory XV succeeds him as the 234th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
January 28, Pope Paul V dies, aged 70 (b. 1550)
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 57
March 31, Phillip III "The Pious" (Habsburg line) emperor of the Spanish Empire, dies, aged 42, in Madrid, Spain, and his son, Phillip IV succeeds him
June 3, The Dutch West India Company founded
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1622
RULERS & ROYALTY: James I is king of England – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Gregory XV is the 234th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 58
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1623
RULERS & ROYALTY: James I is king of England – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Gregory XV, pope/bishop of Rome, dies and Urban VIII succeeds him as the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 59
March 7, It's Friday evening, and under cover of darkness, two Englishmen ride their mules discreetly into the heart of Madrid, looking for the very appropriately named Street of the Infanta...
"They dismount in front of the House of the Seven Chimneys, the residence of the English Ambassador, the Earl of Bristol. One of them knocks on the door and presents himself to the servant as Mr. Thomas Smith. He goes inside carrying his own luggage and quickly explains he has hurt his leg and cannot climb the stair
(Spain, The Center of the World 1519-1682, Pg. 417)
(Photo: Charles I, Prince of Wales, in 1623, Credit: Wikimedia Commons)
July 8, Pope Gregory dies, aged 69 (b. 1554), in Rome, Papal States
August 6, Urban VIII becomes pope/bishop of Rome
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1624
RULERS & ROYALTY: James I is king of England and Ireland, and (as James IV) King of Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 60
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1625
RULERS & ROYALTY: James I, king of England and Ireland, and (as James IV) King of Scotland, dies and his son, Charles I, succeeds him – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 61
William Harvey (1578-1657) continues on as physician to Charles I, he will stay a staunch royalist during the Glorious Revolution
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
A painting is done by the Dutch School of Art in 1625 of a joust on the Hofvijver lake in The Hague, a city in the Netherlands (Credit: Wikimedia Commons)
1626
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 62
St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome is completed (now part of the Vatican buildings)
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1627
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 63
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1628
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 64
William Harvey (1578-1657), English physician to King Charles I, published a book titled, De Motu Cordis, or Discovery of Circulation, in which he tells of his discovery that the blood circulates to and from the heart, until now it had been thought that the heart made blood and irrigated the body
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
Shah Jahan is crowned emperor and the golden age of Mughal India begins (History of the World, Map by Map, Pg. 149)
1629
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 65
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1630
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 66
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire, Sweden intervenes, turning the tide in favor of the Protestants (History of the World, Map by Map, Pg. 149)
1631
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 67
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1632
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 68
The Taj Mahal is commissioned by the Mugahl emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his wife, it also houses himself
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1633
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 69
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1634
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is captured by Württemberger troops midway through the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) and falls under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 70
John Dwight leaves Dedham, Essex, England with his wife Hannah, and sons Timothy and John Dwight to come to America where their town is called Dedham, their descendants include many politicians, businessmen, educators and clergy, as well as Josiah Whitney born in 1819 who went on to be a prominent geologist in America, Mount Whitney is named after him
William Harvey (1578-1657), an English physician to the king, is asked to be involved in a case in which four women are being accused of being witches, normally any suspicious behavior or marking on the skin is enough to convict women of being witches, but William treated the case with an open mind, and found scientific explanations for the evidence allegedly showing witchcraft, and all the women were found innocent (https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Harvey)
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1635
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 71
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1636
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 72
William Harvey (1578-1657), an English physician to King Charles I is sent on as a doctor on a diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Emperor (German Empire), Ferdinand II, the traveling takes almost a year, during which he meets renowned German professor of medicine Casper Hofmann at Nürnberg and attempts to demonstrate the circulation of the blood to him, he also visits Italy to look for paintings for the English royal collection, he becomes friends with Robert Fludd, an important English physician and philosopher whose primary interest concerned natural magic, and Thomas Hobbes, a famous political philosopher, he was also acquainted with John Aubrey, the 17th century biographer, who gave an account of Harvey in his manuscript Brief Lives (https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Harvey)
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1637
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand II (Habsburg line), emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, dies, and his son Ferdinand III, succeeds him – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Ferdinand II (Habsburg line), emperor of the Spanish Empire dies, aged 58, and his son, Ferdinand III succeeds him
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 73
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1638
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 74
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1639
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 4th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 75
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1640
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
George William of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 4th Duke of Prussia, dies, aged 45, on December 1, and his son Fredrick William "The Great Elector" becomes the 5th Duke of Prussia; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 76
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1641
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
Fredrick William "The Great Elector" of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 5th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
February 15, Galileo Galilei, the Polish astronomer, turns 77
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1642
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
Fredrick William "The Great Elector" of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 5th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
January 8, Galileo Galilei dies, aged 77, in Arcetri, Italy (b. 1564)
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1643
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I (House of Stuart) is king of England, Ireland, and Scotland – Phillip IV "The Great" (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Spanish Empire – Louis XIII "The Just" (Bourbon line) is king of France – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III (Habsburg line) is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire – Urban VIII is the 235th pope/bishop of Rome
Fredrick William "The Great Elector" of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 5th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
January 4, Isaac Newton is born in Lincolnshire, England (other sources say December 25, 1642) (d. 1727)
William Harvey (1578-1657), the English Physician who discovered that blood circulates to and from the heart, is removed from his post as physician at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital (which he has held since 1607) by the parliamentary authorities because he is a staunch supporter of the monarchy
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1644
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I is king of England – Phillip IV is emperor of the Spanish Empire (Habsburg line) – Louis XIII "The Just" dies and his son Louis XIV "The Sun King" (Bourbon line) succeeds him – Michael I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (Habsburg line) – Pope Urban VIII dies and Innocent X becomes the 236th pope/bishop of Rome
Fredrick William "The Great Elector" of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 5th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
January 4, Isaac Newton, the future English writer, mathematician, alchemist, theologian, physicist and astronomer, turns 1
May 14, Louis XIII, king of France (Bourbon line), aged 41, (b. 1601) and his son, Louis XIV succeeds him
July 29, Pope Urban VIII dies, aged 76, (b. 1568) in Rome, Lazio, Papal States
September 15, Innocent X becomes pope/bishop of Rome
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
Van der Hagen completes a map of the coast of Flanders (Photo: Wikimedia Commons)
1645
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I is king of England – Phillip IV is emperor of the Spanish Empire (Habsburg line) – Louis XIV "The Sun King" is king of France (Bourbon line) – Michael I tsar of Russia, dies, and Alexis I (Romanov line) succeeds him – Ferdinand III is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (Habsburg line) – Innocent X is the 236th pope/bishop of Rome
Fredrick William "The Great Elector" of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 5th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
January 4, Isaac Newton, the future English writer, mathematician, alchemist, theologian, physicist and astronomer, turns 2
July 22, Michael I, tsar of Russia, dies, aged 49, and his son, Alexis I succeeds him at 16 years-old
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1646
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I is king of England – Phillip IV is emperor of the Spanish Empire (Habsburg line) – Louis XIV "The Sun King" is king of France (Bourbon line) – Alexis I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (Habsburg line) – Innocent X is the 236th pope/bishop of Rome
Fredrick William "The Great Elector" of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 5th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
Fredrick Henry is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
January 4, Isaac Newton, the future English writer, mathematician, alchemist, theologian, physicist and astronomer, turns 3
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1647
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I is king of England – Phillip IV is emperor of the Spanish Empire (Habsburg line) – Louis XIV "The Sun King" is king of France (Bourbon line) – Alexis I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (Habsburg line) – Innocent X is the 236th pope/bishop of Rome
Fredrick William "The Great Elector" of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 5th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
January 4, Isaac Newton, the future English writer, mathematician, alchemist, theologian, physicist and astronomer, turns 4
_______________________________
The Next Prince of Orange
March 14, Fredrick Henry, the Prince of Orange, which is a principality located in southern France, dies, aged 63, at the Hague in the Dutch Republic, and his son, William II, succeeds him
William II will become the father of William III, king of England
_______________________________
The Thirty Years’ War continues (1618-1648) and is waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1648
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I is king of England – Phillip IV is emperor of the Spanish Empire (Habsburg line) – Louis XIV "The Sun King" is king of France (Bourbon line) – Alexis I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (Habsburg line) – Innocent X is the 236th pope/bishop of Rome
Fredrick William "The Great Elector" of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 5th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
William II is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
January 4, Isaac Newton, the future English writer, mathematician, alchemist, theologian, physicist and astronomer, turns 5
Sabbatai Zevi, a 22 year-old Sephardic (Spanish) Jew, living in Smyrna (now in modern-day Turkey), announces that he is the long awaited messianic redeemer; Making this announcement in the year 1648 is in-line with calculations made from the Zohar, a Jewish mystic text that is the basis for Kabbalah, a Jewish mystic religion
The Taj Mahal mausoleum complex is completed
The Protestant Reformation ends
The Thirty Years’ War ends (1618-1648), it was waged mainly within the Holy Roman Empire
1649
RULERS & ROYALTY: Charles I is king of England until he is executed in January and Parliament/The Council of State begins ruling England – Phillip IV is emperor of the Spanish Empire (Habsburg line) – Louis XIV "The Sun King" is king of France (Bourbon line) – Alexis I (Romanov line) is tsar of Russia – Ferdinand III is emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (Habsburg line) – Innocent X is the 236th pope/bishop of Rome
Fredrick William "The Great Elector" of the House of Hohenzollern, is the 5th Duke of Prussia, which is in Poland; Hohenzollern Castle, in the Swabian Alps of Germany, is fully built and habitable, and is under Habsburg control
William II is the Prince of Orange; The Principality of Orange is located in southern France
January 4, Isaac Newton, the future English writer, mathematician, alchemist, theologian, physicist and astronomer, turns 6
January 30, King Charles I of England is executed outside the Banqueting House