900-929 A.D. -

by Deborah Marino Lùna 23, 2022

The last century before the new millennium.

Intro Paragraph

Photo

Music

900

RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward the Elder is king of the Anglo-Saxons (England) – Donald II, king of the Picts (Scots), dies, and is succeeded by Constantine II, an early king of Scotland – [Carolingian successor kingdoms] – John IX, the 116th pope/bishop of Rome, dies and Benedict IV succeeds him – Leo VI "The Wise" is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – The Ghana Empire in West Africa is thriving under the Soninke rulers of the Cissé Tounkara Dynasty (name of current ruler unknown) –

January, Pope John IX dies and is succeeded by Benedict IV

Classic Period of Maya in Mesoamerica culture ends (where it was at its peak) and the post-Classic period begins (900-1519), where the civilization declines precipitously, leaving the great cities and ceremonial centers unpopulated and overgrown with jungle vegetation (scholars have suggested that armed conflicts and the exhaustion of agricultural land, as well as deforestation and drought, were responsible for the sudden decline

“The early post-Classic period begins with the dominant Toltecs headquartered in their capital of Tula (also known as Tollan). Over the next 300 years, internal conflict combined with an influx of new invaders from the north weaken Toltec civilization, until by 1200 (the late post-Classic period) the Toltecs are vanquished by the Chichimecha, a collection of rugged tribes of unknown origin (probably near Mexico’s northern frontier) who claim the great Toltec cities as their own.” (history.com, Mexico Timeline)

The church of St. Mary in Castro is built beside the lighthouse at Dover (lasts until early 1000’s, castle won’t be built until 1066)

On the northern coast of Peru (north of Lima), the Chimu Civilization, also known as Chimor, emerges as a ruling people (they will be taken over by the Incas in 1470-75), (Inside Edition, YouTube);

An Islamic trading town on Sanje Ya Kati, an island off the Swahili Coast of Tanzania, is built during the 10^th century—its ruins cover 400 acres, including houses and a mosque (unesco.org)

901

RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward the Elder is king of the Anglo-Saxons (England) – Constantine II is an early king of Scotland – [Carolingian successor kingdoms] – Benedict IV is the 117th pope/bishop of Rome – Leo VI "The Wise" is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – The Ghana Empire in West Africa is thriving under the Soninke rulers of the Cissé Tounkara Dynasty (name of current ruler unknown) –

Antony II, Patriarch of Constantinople, dies, and Emperor Leo VI of the Byzantine Empire, replaces him with his Imperial Secretary, Nicholas

902

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Benedict IV is the 117th pope/bishop of Rome –

903

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Benedict IV, is the 117th pope/bishop of Rome, and Leo V succeeds him –

July 30, Pope Benedict IV dies and Leo V succeeds him

904

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Leo V, the 117th pope/bishop of Rome, dies, and Sergius III succeeds him –

January 29, Sergius III becomes the new pope/bishop of Rome

February, Leo V, former pope/bishop of Rome, dies

905

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Sergius III is the 118th pope/bishop of Rome –

Hywel DDA (the GOOD) begins ruling Dyfed in Scotland

906

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Sergius III is the 118th pope/bishop of Rome –

907

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Sergius III is the 118th pope/bishop of Rome –

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The Patriarchs of Constantinople

According to tradition, the Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople, started with the apostle Andrew in 38 A.D.; The Patriarch of Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey), New Rome, is, to this day, the head of several churches in the Eastern Orthodox Church; In the year 2022, the office is held by Bartholomew I "His All Holiness" (since 1991); The term ecumenical refers to the word Ecumene, a Greek word for the civilized world (i.e. the Roman Empire)

In 907, Nicholas, the Patriarch of Constantinople, is removed from office as suspicions that he was involved in the failed plot to assassinate Byzantine emperor Leo VI begin to circulate; Additionally, Nicholas does not support Leo VI's fourth marriage; Leo replaces him with Euthymios, Leo's spiritual father

908

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Sergius III is the 118th pope/bishop of Rome –

Rudolf I, Bishop of Würzburg, dies fighting the Magyars (The Templars, Pg. 29)

909

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Sergius III is the 118th pope/bishop of Rome –

Abdallah claims to be the Mahdi (title of Islam’s messiah who is supposed to appear alongside Jesus in the last days) and causes the Qarmatian schism, he establishes the Fatimid Caliphate (an Ismaili Shia caliphate of the 10^th to 12^thcenturies that ruled North Africa, including Egypt)

910

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Emperor – Sergius III is the 118th pope/bishop of Rome –

911

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise" is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Sergius III, the 118th pope/bishop of Rome dies and Anastasius III succeeds him –

April 14, Pope Sergius III dies and Anastasius III succeeds him

912

RULERS & ROYALTY: Leo VI "The Wise," the emperor of the Byzantine Empire, dies. and Alexander succeeds him – Anastasius III is the 119th pope/bishop of Rome –

May 11, Leo VI "The Wise," emperor of the Byzantine Empire and Alexander succeeds him

913

RULERS & ROYALTY: Alexander, the emperor of the Byzantine Empire, dies, and Constantine VII succeeds him – Anastasius III, the 119th pope/bishop of Rome, dies, and Lando succeeds him –

June, Pope Anastasius III dies, and Lando succeeds him

June 6, Alexander, the Byzantine emperor dies, and Constantine VII succeeds him

914

RULERS & ROYALTY: Constantine VII is the emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Lando, the pope/bishop of Rome, dies, and John X succeeds him –

March, Pope Lando dies, and John X succeeds him