Intro
Intro
Music
(Feature Photo: The Volga River in Russia; Credit: Wikimedia Commons)
950
RULERS & ROYALTY: Eadred is king of the English – Agapetus II is pope/bishop of Rome
Viking raids extend down the river Volga, the longest river in Europe, which flows from central to southern Russia; Eventually the Vikings reach Arab-ruled Azerbaijan (History of the World, Map by Map, Pg. 99)
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"In the 10th century, semi-nomadic peoples, such as the Slavs, Avars, and Bulgars, invaded the Balkans--the region between the Greek Peloponnese and the Danube River."
(History of the World, Map by Map, Pg. 93)
951
RULERS & ROYALTY: Eadred is king of the English – Agapetus II is pope/bishop of Rome
952
RULERS & ROYALTY: Eadred is king of the English – Agapetus II is pope/bishop of Rome
953
RULERS & ROYALTY: Eadred is king of the English – Agapetus II is pope/bishop of Rome
954
RULERS & ROYALTY: Eadred is king of the English – Agapetus II is pope/bishop of Rome
955
956
957
958
959
960
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in the present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair (Carolingian line) is the king of West Francia (will become the Kingdom of France) – Otto I "The Great" is king of Germany (was originally called East Francia) – Romanos II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XII is pope/bishop of Rome
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English, turns 17
961
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in the present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair (Carolingian line) is the king of West Francia (the medieval German state) – Otto I "The Great" is king of Germany, and this year becomes king of Italy – Romanos II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XII is pope/bishop of Rome
May 26, Otto II (son of Otto I "The Great) succeeds his father as king of Germany (his father becomes Holy Roman Emperor next year, which will include the kingdom of Germany in its empire)
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English, turns 18
962
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in the present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair (Carolingian line) is the king of West Francia (the medieval German state) – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, becomes the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire) – Romanos II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XII is pope/bishop of Rome
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Otto Becomes the First Genuine Holy Roman Emperor (in addition to all his other titles)
February 2, Otto I "The Great" is crowned in Rome by pope John XII as the first Holy Roman Emperor; He has been king of Germany and duke of Saxony since 936 when his father passed away, Germany is now under his son's kingship, though her is still it's ultimate ruler as Holy Roman Emperor; He has also been king of Italy since last year; With Otto's ascension as the first genuine Holy Roman Emperor, he founds the Ottonian dynasty
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Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English turns, 19
963
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in the present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair (Carolingian line) is the king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire) – Romanos II, the emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Nikephoros II, succeeds him – John XII is pope/bishop of Rome
March 15, Romanos II, Byzantine emperor, dies, aged 25-26 and Nikephoros II succeeds him
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English, turns 20
964
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in the present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair (Carolingian line) is the king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire) – Nikephoros II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XII, pope/bishop of Rome, Leo VIII succeeds him
May 14, Pope John XII is deposed by Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor
June 23, Leo VIII becomes pope/bishop of Rome
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English, turns 21
965
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in the present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire)– Nikephoros II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Leo VIII, pope/bishop of Rome, and John XIII succeeds him
March 1, Pope Leo VIII dies, aged 50
October 1, John XIII becomes pope/bishop of Rome
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English, turns 22
966
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in the present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire) – Nikephoros II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XIII is pope/bishop of Rome
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English, turns 23
967
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in the present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire) – Nikephoros II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XIII is pope/bishop of Rome
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English, turns 24
968
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in the present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire) – Nikephoros II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XIII is pope/bishop of Rome
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English turns, 25
969
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire) – Nikephoros II, emperor of the Byzantine Empire, dies and John I succeeds him – John XIII is pope/bishop of Rome
December 11, Nikephoros II, the Byzantine emperor dies, aged 57 and John I succeeds him
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English turns 26
The Shia Fatimids capture Cairo, Egypt, and establish a new caliphate (History of the World, Map by Map, Pg. 97)
970
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – García Sánchez I, king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain), dies, and his son Sancho II succeeds him – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire) – John I is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XIII is pope/bishop of Rome
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English turns 27
971
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – Sancho II is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire)– John I is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XIII is pope/bishop of Rome
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English turns 28
972
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – Sancho II is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto I "The Great," king of Italy, is the first Holy Roman Emperor – Otto II (Otto I's son) is king of Germany (part of the Holy Roman Empire) – John I is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – John XIII is pope/bishop of Rome until he dies in September
September 6, Pope John XIII dies, aged 42
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English turns 29
973
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – Sancho II is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto I, king of Italy and the first Holy Roman Emperor, dies, and his son Otto II succeeds him – John I is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Benedict VI becomes pope/bishop of Rome
January 19, Benedict VI becomes pope/bishop of Rome
May 7, Otto I "The Great," the first Holy Roman Emperor, dies, aged 60, and his son, Otto II, becomes the second Holy Roman Emperor
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The First Genuine King of England
May 11, Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English since '59, is crowned in Bath Abbey, in Bath, England; He turns 30 this year
Though Edgar has been king since 959, he hasn't been officially crowned until now; This crowning is significant, because it is the first time a...
"...Saxon king is crowned as king of all the English, a title used by previous monarchs, but never as part of their coronation."
"Following the coronation, Edgar put on a display of force. His army marched from Bath to Chester along the Welsh border, showing his authority over the Welsh, while his fleet sailed through the Irish sea, also demonstrating his subjugation of the Norse who still held power in that area at Dublin and on Man...
...at the same time, Elfrida was also crowned, the first queen of the English. This ceremony has remained essentially the same in content ever since."
(British Kings & Queens, Pg. 34-35)
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The Fatimid Caliphate court and capital move to the newly-founded Cairo by Ma’ad the current Fatimid Caliphate of North Africa, including Egypt
The first mention of there being a castle where Schwerin Castle now stands in eastern Germany is written down, it is the fort of the Polabian Slav tribe of the Obotrites (a medieval confederation of West Slavic tribes within the territory of modern Mecklenburg and Holstein in northern Germany) on an island in the large lake of Schwerin
974
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable is king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England) – Sancho II is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto II is the second Holy Roman Emperor and king of Germany – John I is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Benedict VI, pope/bishop of Rome, dies and Benedict VII succeeds him
June, Pope Benedict VI dies
October, Benedict VII becomes pope/bishop of Rome
Edgar "The Peaceable," king of the English turns 31
975
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edgar the Peaceable, king of the English, Mercia and Northumbria (both in present-day England), dies, no king succeeds him until 978 – Sancho II is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto II is the second Holy Roman Emperor – John I is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Benedict VII is pope/bishop of Rome
July 8, Edgar the Peaceable dies, aged 32, and is buried Glastonbury Abbey
976
RULERS & ROYALTY: No king of the English right now – Sancho II is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto II is the second Holy Roman Emperor – John I, the Byzantine emperor, dies and Basil II succeeds him – Benedict VII is pope/bishop of Rome
January 10, John I, the Byzantine emperor, dies, aged 50, and Basil II succeeds him
977
RULERS & ROYALTY: No king of the English right now – Sancho II is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto II is the second Holy Roman Emperor – Basil II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Benedict VII is pope/bishop of Rome
The Ghaznavids, a dynasty of Turkic origin, establishes themselves in Ghazni, in Khorasan from this year until taking over the western portion of the former Sambaing Empire by 1005 (History of the World, Map by Map, Pg. 97)
The Persian national epic, Shahnameh, is written around this year by the poet Ferdowsi
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1,000 Years From Now
May 25, The movie Star Wars: A New Hope releases in theaters; It becomes a box office hit and makes $775.8 million dollars
978
RULERS & ROYALTY: Athelred II "The Unready" becomes king of the English – Sancho II is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto II is the second Holy Roman Emperor – Basil II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Benedict VII is pope/bishop of Rome
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He's Just Never Prepared
April 4, Athelred II "The Unready" is crowned as king of the English in Kingston-upon-Thames
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979
RULERS & ROYALTY: Athelred II "The Unready" becomes king of the English – Sancho II is king of Pamplona (later called Navarre, in present-day Basque region of Spain) – Lothair is the (Carolingian line) king of West Francia – Otto II is the second Holy Roman Emperor – Basil II is emperor of the Byzantine Empire – Benedict VII is pope/bishop of Rome