INTERTESTMENTAL PERIOD
The Bible skips Greek period of Israel’s history, picks back up during the Roman occupation – 4/5 B.C., Interesting that it begins after prophesying the date of the return of the Messiah and then picks back up when that date is fulfilled
425 B.C.
Herodotus, the Greek historian, dies
424 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Artaxerxes I dies and Darius II begins his rule of the Persian Achaemenid Empire
404 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Darius II dies ends his rule
400 B.C.
“A number of books from about 400 B.C.) attributed to Hippocrates, the ‘Father of Medicine’) described the symptoms of some common diseases and attributed sickness to diet and other physical causes, rather than to the work of the gods. Although the writings were a beginning, the ancients were still lost when it came to the composition of living things. They believed that all matter was made up of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. Living bodies were thought to be made up of four ‘humors’ –blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm-and all disease supposedly arose from an excess of one of the humors’” (DBB 7)
399 B.C.
Socrates dies
390 B.C.
The Celts, under their leader Brennos, defeat the Etruscans again and when the Romans come to the aid of the Etruscans, they themselves are defeated; After the Celts win a victory at Allia, the Celtic army pours into Rome itself and the Romans are forced to pay a large ransom to persuade the Celts to withdraw (The Druids, pg. 26)
385 B.C.
Aristotle is born in Stagira, Greece
377 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, becomes ruler of all Ireland (The Druids, pg. 94)
376 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
375 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
Hippocrates, the “Father of Medicine” dies in Thessaly, Greece
374 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
373 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
372 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
371 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
370 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
369 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
368 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
367 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
Ptolemy I Soter is born in Macedonia
366 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
Celtic mercenaries are being employed by Sparta in their war against Thebes and playing a decisive role; Large groups of Celts are also following the Danube valley, even reaching the Carpathians, and establishing settlements as they go (The Druids, pg. 26)
365 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
Euclid of Alexandria is born
364 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
363 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
362 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
361 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
360 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
359 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
358 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
357 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
356 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
Alexander the Great is born to Philip II of Macedon, who seizes gold mines near the colony Krenides and fortifies the wall, drains the nearby marshes, constructs a theater, increases the city’s size and renames it after himself—Philippi (Paul will write a letter to this city in 416 years, in 60 A.D.)
355 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
354 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
353 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
352 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
351 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
350 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
A gold choker-necklace is made in Taras (modern day Taranto in Italy) with individual elements produced by hammering thin sheets to shape and add details in wire in the delicate technique of filigree, it had flowers, the heads of what may be different Caesars, or Roman Women? It’s hard to tell (now held in the British Museum, (Collections of the British Museum pg. 31)
349 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
348 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
347 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
346 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
345 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
344 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
343 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
342 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
341 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
340 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
Aristotle proposes that the earth is not flat, but is actually a sphere, in his book On the Heavens; He is not only a great philosopher, he is the Greeks’ greatest biologist,
“Aristotle realized (unlike almost everyone before him) that knowledge of nature requires systematic observation. Through careful examination he recognized an astounding amount of order within the living world, a crucial first step. Aristotle grouped animals into two general categories—those with blood and those without—that correspond closely to the modern classifications of vertebrate and invertebrate.”
(Darwin's Black Box pg. 7)
339 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
338 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
337 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
336 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Darius III begins his rule of the Persian Achaemenid Empire
335 B.C.
The Celts have reached the northern borders of Macedonia, and Alexander the Great journeys north to meet the Celtic leaders on the banks of the Danube in order to arrange a peace treaty of equals (The Druids, pg. 26)
334 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
333 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
332 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, is ruler of all Ireland
Alexander the Great occupies Egypt which brings an end to the Egyptian dynasties, a long line of Greek rulers known as the Ptolemies followed, it was Ptolemy II who asked Manetho (Egyptian priest) to put together a history of Egypt for the library of Alexandria, we do not have any of his original writings, the only source for what he wrote are the statements made by subsequent historians (Unwrapping the Pharaohs pg. 73)
331 B.C.
RULERS & ROYALTY: Queen Macha Mong Ruadh (Macha of the Red Hair), daughter of Aed Ruadh, rule of all Ireland ends
330 B.C.
Darius III is defeated by Alexander the Great and the Persian Achaemenid Empire ends in Mesopotamia, Hellenistic period begins
Alexander the Great founds the port city of Alexandria in Egypt (Today, Alexandria has a population of 5.2 million people)