(Feature Photo: Conwy Castle in Wales, built by Edward I and opened in 1283; Photo taken in 2012; Credit: Mike Peel, Wikimedia Commons)
1270
RULERS & ROYALTY: Henry III is king of England – Richard of Cornwall is king of Germany (also called king of the Romans)
1271
RULERS & ROYALTY: Henry III is king of England – Richard of Cornwall is king of Germany (also called king of the Romans)
1272
RULERS & ROYALTY: Henry III, king of England, dies and Edward I succeeds him, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Richard of Cornwall, king of Germany (also called king of the Romans) dies, and Rudolf I (House of Habsburg), succeeds him
April 2, Richard of Cornwall, prince of England (King Henry III's brother), who had become king of Germany back in 1257, dies, aged 63, in Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire, England; Rudolf I is then elected as king of Germany, and is the first Habsburg (from Switzerland) to do so
November 16, King Henry III of England dies, aged 65, in Westminster, London, and is buried in Westminster Abbey; His son, Edward I, succeeds him at 33 years old; However, Edward is on Crusade and will not return to England until 1274
1273
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I becomes king of Germany (House of Habsburg) –
1274
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) –
August 19, King Edward I of England, after finally returning from Crusade, is officially crowned
1275
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) –
1276
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) –
1277
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) –
1278
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) –
August 26, The Battle on the Marchfeld takes place; The opponents are a Bohemian (Czech) army and a German army, under the newly crowned German king, Rudolf I, of the House of Habsburg (which originated in Switzerland); The German army defeats the Bohemian army, and the battle marks the ascendency of the House of Habsburg in Austria and central Europe
The Habsburg Dynasty moves its power base from Habsburg Castle in Switzerland, to Vienna, Austria; This move gives the House of Habsburg an additional name, "House of Austria"
1279
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip III the Bold is king of France – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
1280
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip III the Bold is king of France – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
1281
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip III the Bold is on the French throne – Dmitry is deposed and Andrey III ascends to the Russian throne
1282
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip III the Bold is on the French throne – Andrey III is on the Russian throne
1283
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip III the Bold is on the French throne – Andrey III is deposed and Dmitry is restored to the Russian throne
Conwy castle is built and opened by Edward I of England
1284
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip III the Bold is on the French throne – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
1285
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip III of France dies and Philip IV ascends to the French throne – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
1286
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip IV is on the French throne – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
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700 Years from Now
Kodak loses a patent battle with Polaroid, and must give up its instant camera business (historic-newspapers.com).
Moses de León, a Spanish rabbi, publicizes the Zohar, a Jewish mystical book that makes up the Kabbala; He claims that it is a work from Simeon ben Yochai (c. 100) (but modern-day scholars believe he forged the work) (Wikipedia); Up until this point, he has been living in Guadalajara in Spain (the center for Jewish adherents to Kabbala) (Encyclopedia Britannica)
1287
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip IV is on the French throne – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
1288
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip IV is on the French throne – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
1289
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip IV is on the French throne – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
1290
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is king of England, Eleanor of Castile is queen consort, but dies this year – Rudolf I is king of Germany (House of Habsburg) – Philip IV is on the French throne – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
November 28, Eleanor of Castile, Queen of England, dies, aged 48-49, in Harby, Nottinghamshire, England; She has a triple burial: Her organs are buried in Lincoln Cathedral, her heart is buried in a Dominican priory in Blackfriars, London, and her body is in Westminster Abbey, London
1291
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is on the throne of England – Rudolf I, king of Germany (House of Habsburg), dies, and Adolf (House of Nassau) succeeds him – Philip IV is on the French throne – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
A fire heavily damages Westminster Hall within Westminster Palace
Rudolf I, king of Germany, takes control of the land of Lucerne, Switzerland by purchasing it from the Abbey of the area (History of Switzerland, Andrew Green)
July 15, Rudolf I, king of Germany, dies, aged 73, in Speyer Germany, and is buried Speyer Cathedral; Adolf of the House of Nassau succeeds him, but only rules until 1298, when another Habsburg ascends to the throne of Germany
1292
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is on the throne of England – Philip IV is on the French throne – Dmitry is on the Russian throne
1293
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is on the throne of England – Philip IV is on the French throne – Dmitry is deposed (dies next year) and Andrey III is restored to the Russian throne
1294
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is on the throne of England – Philip IV is on the French throne – Andrey III is on the Russian throne
1295
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is on the throne of England – Philip IV is on the French throne – Andrey III is on the Russian throne
Marco Polo returns to Venice from his travels in Asia
1296
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is on the throne of England – Philip IV is on the French throne – Andrey III is on the Russian throne
1297
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is on the throne of England – Philip IV is on the French throne – Andrey III is on the Russian throne
1298
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is on the throne of England – Philip IV is on the French throne – Andrey III is on the Russian throne
May 1, The foundations of the present cathedral in Barcelona, Spain, are laid (Photo: The Barcelona Cathedral in the present day, the spires were added in the late 19th, early 20th century; Credit: Jose Loarte, Wikimedia Commons)
1299
RULERS & ROYALTY: Edward I is on the throne of England – Philip IV is on the French throne – Andrey III is on the Russian throne